All Occupations Ranked by AI Exposure
37 ISCO-08 occupation groups · data year 2024 · Tier A Full data - employment, wages, AI scores, growth projections
| ISCO | Occupation Group | AI Exposure | Robotics Risk | WFH Potential | Employment | Median Wage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 41 | General and keyboard clerks | 9.0/10 | 2.0/10 | 9.0/10 | 4K | $20,279 |
| 25 | Information and communications technology professionals | 8.5/10 | 1.0/10 | 9.5/10 | 29K | $31,191 |
| 42 | Customer services clerks | 8.5/10 | 4.0/10 | 8.0/10 | 14K | $20,279 |
| 43 | Numerical and material recording clerks | 8.5/10 | 4.5/10 | 7.5/10 | 24K | $20,279 |
| 24 | Business and administration professionals | 8.0/10 | 1.5/10 | 9.0/10 | 40K | $31,191 |
| 33 | Business and administration associate professionals | 7.5/10 | 1.5/10 | 8.5/10 | 50K | $25,772 |
| 35 | Information and communications technicians | 7.5/10 | 2.5/10 | 8.5/10 | 6K | $25,772 |
| 21 | Science and engineering professionals | 7.0/10 | 2.0/10 | 8.0/10 | 26K | $31,191 |
| 26 | Legal, social and cultural professionals | 7.0/10 | 1.0/10 | 7.5/10 | 18K | $31,191 |
| 12 | Administrative and commercial managers | 6.5/10 | 1.5/10 | 8.0/10 | 7K | $35,497 |
| 23 | Teaching professionals | 6.5/10 | 1.5/10 | 6.0/10 | 40K | $31,191 |
| 44 | Other clerical support workers | 6.0/10 | 4.5/10 | 4.0/10 | 5K | $20,279 |
| 31 | Science and engineering associate professionals | 5.5/10 | 4.0/10 | 4.0/10 | 21K | $25,772 |
| 13 | Production and specialised services managers | 5.0/10 | 3.5/10 | 5.0/10 | 31K | $35,497 |
| 22 | Health professionals | 5.0/10 | 2.5/10 | 2.0/10 | 21K | $31,191 |
| 32 | Health associate professionals | 5.0/10 | 4.0/10 | 2.0/10 | 8K | $25,772 |
| 34 | Legal, social, cultural and related associate professionals | 5.0/10 | 2.0/10 | 4.0/10 | 14K | $25,772 |
| 52 | Sales workers | 5.0/10 | 6.0/10 | 2.5/10 | 32K | $14,813 |
| 14 | Hospitality, retail and other services managers | 4.5/10 | 3.0/10 | 3.0/10 | 13K | $35,497 |
| 73 | Handicraft and printing workers | 4.0/10 | 5.0/10 | 2.0/10 | 2K | $16,322 |
| 61 | Market-oriented skilled agricultural workers | 3.5/10 | 7.0/10 | 1.0/10 | 6K | N/A |
| 74 | Electrical and electronic trades workers | 3.5/10 | 3.5/10 | 1.5/10 | 14K | $16,322 |
| 81 | Stationary plant and machine operators | 3.5/10 | 8.0/10 | 1.5/10 | 19K | $19,295 |
| 72 | Metal, machinery and related trades workers | 3.0/10 | 6.5/10 | 1.0/10 | 32K | $16,322 |
| 51 | Personal service workers | 2.5/10 | 5.0/10 | 1.0/10 | 30K | $14,813 |
| 62 | Market-oriented skilled forestry, fishing and hunting workers | 2.5/10 | 5.5/10 | 0.5/10 | 3K | N/A |
| 75 | Food processing, woodworking, garment and other craft workers | 2.5/10 | 5.5/10 | 1.5/10 | 14K | $16,322 |
| 82 | Assemblers | 2.5/10 | 8.5/10 | 0.5/10 | 9K | $19,295 |
| 83 | Drivers and mobile plant operators | 2.5/10 | 7.5/10 | 0.5/10 | 41K | $19,295 |
| 53 | Personal care workers | 2.0/10 | 2.5/10 | 0.5/10 | 19K | $14,813 |
| 54 | Protective services workers | 2.0/10 | 3.5/10 | 0.5/10 | 7K | $14,813 |
| 71 | Building and related trades workers (excl. electricians) | 2.0/10 | 4.0/10 | 0.5/10 | 35K | $16,322 |
| 93 | Labourers in mining, construction, manufacturing and transport | 2.0/10 | 6.5/10 | 0.0/10 | 16K | $13,934 |
| 91 | Cleaners and helpers | 1.5/10 | 6.0/10 | 0.0/10 | 18K | $13,934 |
| 92 | Agricultural, forestry and fishery labourers | 1.5/10 | 6.0/10 | 0.0/10 | 3K | $13,934 |
| 94 | Food preparation assistants | 1.5/10 | 6.5/10 | 0.0/10 | 6K | $13,934 |
| 96 | Refuse workers and other elementary workers | 1.5/10 | 6.0/10 | 0.0/10 | 17K | $13,934 |
AI/robotics/WFH scores are research-based estimates (Frey-Osborne, OECD, IMF 2024), not official statistics. Hover occupation name for rationale. Employment from: Eurostat lfsa_egai2d (Eurostat open dissemination policy), Eurostat SES 2022 (mean annual gross earnings, EUR) - some occupations derived from hourly × 1700 hrs/yr.
AI Disruption Context
World Bank indicators showing when disruption will arrive and how resilient the workforce is.
Risk Velocity
8.4/10
Disruption imminent (1-3 years)
Recovery Resilience
7.7/10
High resilience - workers can pivot
Demographic Alignment
Labor shortage solver
Aging workforce means automation fills critical gaps
Source: World Bank Open Data (CC BY 4.0) - IT.NET.BBND.P2, IT.NET.SECR.P6, HD_HCIP_OTJL_TO, SP social protection indicators.
Frequently Asked Questions
Which job is most at risk from AI in Estonia?
General and keyboard clerks has the highest AI exposure score in Estonia at 9.0/10. This occupation involves routine information handling that current AI systems can perform effectively.
What is the average AI exposure score in Estonia?
The workforce-weighted average AI exposure score in Estonia is 4.9/10, covering 695K workers across 37 occupation groups. Each group is weighted by its share of total employment.
Which jobs are safest from AI in Estonia?
Cleaners and helpers has the lowest AI exposure score in Estonia at 1.5/10. These roles require physical presence or manual dexterity in unpredictable environments that current AI cannot automate at scale.
When will AI disruption arrive in Estonia?
Based on digital infrastructure readiness, Estonia scores 8.4/10 for AI Risk Velocity. Disruption imminent (1-3 years). This is derived from World Bank broadband and secure internet server data.
How well can Estonia's workforce adapt to AI disruption?
Estonia scores 7.7/10 for Workforce Recovery Capacity. High resilience - workers can pivot. This combines the World Bank Human Capital Index on-the-job learning score and social protection coverage data.
Which occupation pays the most in Estonia?
The highest-paid occupation in Estonia is Administrative and commercial managers at $35,497 per year. The lowest-paid is Cleaners and helpers at $13,934 per year.
Is automation good or bad for Estonia's workforce?
Estonia is classified as 'Labor shortage solver'. Aging workforce means automation fills critical gaps. This is based on World Bank old-age dependency ratio and fertility rate data.
Where does the Estonia workforce data come from?
The Estonia data comes from: Eurostat lfsa_egai2d (Eurostat open dissemination policy); Eurostat SES 2022 (mean annual gross earnings, EUR) - some occupations derived from hourly × 1700 hrs/yr; OECD Average Annual Wages (USD PPP, 2024). All data is from official government or intergovernmental sources and is freely available at worldjobsdata.com.
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