Kazakhstan's approximately 8.57 million workers score a weighted average AI exposure of 3.99/10, reflecting the country's dual economy of oil-sector professionals and a large agricultural and elementary-occupation base. Kazakhstan carries a moderate 5.5/10 risk velocity score, shaped by the Kazakhstan 2025 Digital Strategy, the Astana (Nur-Sultan) digital hub, Kaspi Bank's fintech unicorn status, and active AI research at Nazarbayev University. The country is Central Asia's largest economy by GDP, and the concentration of high-skilled oil, finance, and tech workers in Almaty and Astana means the exposure of the professional class (16% of workers at 6.5/10) is a real medium-term risk, even as elementary occupations (22% of the workforce at 2.0/10) and agriculture (10% at 3.0/10) pull the aggregate score down.
Kazakhstan's occupation data comes from ILO ILOSTAT and the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Bureau of National Statistics (BNS), Labour Force Survey 2025. Kazakhstan uses ISCO-08 compatible occupation classification aligned with international standards. The dataset covers approximately 8.57 million workers across both formal and informal sectors, with the formal economy concentrated in Almaty (financial capital) and Astana (political and digital hub).
| Occupation Group | AI Score | Workers (est.) | Share (est.) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clerical support workers (ISCO 4) | 8.5/10 | ~332K | ~4% |
| Professionals (ISCO 2) | 6.5/10 | ~1.37M | ~16% |
| Managers (ISCO 1) | 5.5/10 | ~461K | ~5% |
| Technicians and associate professionals (ISCO 3) | 5.5/10 | ~945K | ~11% |
| Service and sales workers (ISCO 5) | 3.5/10 | ~1.30M | ~15% |
| Skilled agricultural workers (ISCO 6) | 3.0/10 | ~866K | ~10% |
| Plant and machine operators (ISCO 8) | 3.0/10 | ~545K | ~6% |
| Craft and related trades (ISCO 7) | 2.5/10 | ~852K | ~10% |
| Armed forces (ISCO 0) | 2.5/10 | ~38K | ~0.4% |
| Elementary occupations (ISCO 9) | 2.0/10 | ~1.87M | ~22% |
Clerical support workers at 8.5/10 are the highest-risk group, concentrated in Kazakhstan's banking sector (Kaspi Bank, Halyk Bank, ForteBank), government administration, and the oil and gas back-office operations of Tengizchevroil and KazMunayGaz. Document processing, account management, and compliance verification clerks face the shortest timeline to AI displacement across all sectors. Kaspi Bank itself is already deploying AI-driven customer service automation, reducing the manual workload of its front-office clerks.
The professional class at 16% and 6.5/10 is the most economically significant exposed group. Kazakhstan's oil sector requires petroleum engineers, geologists, and financial analysts - roles where AI tools for data analysis, reservoir modelling, and financial forecasting are advancing rapidly. SOCAR (State Oil Company of Azerbaijan) and Kazakhstan's KazMunayGaz have both piloted AI-assisted exploration analytics. Beyond oil, Almaty's growing IT and fintech cluster - anchored by Kaspi.kz (valued at over $16 billion at peak as a Nasdaq-listed fintech) - employs software developers and data scientists who face a different form of AI impact: augmentation rather than displacement in the near term, but with longer-term headcount pressure as AI code generation matures.
Technicians and associate professionals at approximately 11% and 5.5/10 include engineering technicians in the petrochemical sector, medical and pharmaceutical technicians, and ICT technicians supporting the country's expanding digital infrastructure. The Kazakhstan 2025 Digital Strategy has driven substantial investment in e-government, digital ID, and broadband expansion, employing a large cadre of ICT associate professionals whose roles are partially automatable with current AI tools.
Kazakhstan's economy has historically been driven by hydrocarbons - oil and gas account for approximately 15% of GDP and 60% of export revenues per the World Bank. Tengizchevroil (a Chevron-KazMunayGaz joint venture) and the Kashagan field (operated by an international consortium including Shell, Total, and ExxonMobil) are among the world's largest oil operations. The petrochemical workforce - petroleum engineers, geologists, plant operators, and associated technicians - numbers in the hundreds of thousands and represents the core of Kazakhstan's high-skilled formal economy.
Astana (formerly Nur-Sultan) has been built up as a digital and financial hub through deliberate government policy. The Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC), modelled on Dubai's DIFC with English common law jurisdiction, hosts financial technology companies and fund managers. The AIFC's fintech hub has attracted over 1,000 registered companies as of 2025. Nazarbayev University, modelled on Western research universities and staffed with international faculty, runs AI and data science programmes that feed into the local tech ecosystem. The combination of AIFC regulatory infrastructure and Nazarbayev University research capacity is producing a growing professional class in Astana whose tasks overlap substantially with AI capabilities.
Kaspi Bank represents Kazakhstan's most advanced private AI deployment story. Originally a retail bank, Kaspi evolved into a super-app ecosystem encompassing payments (Kaspi Pay), e-commerce (Kaspi Shop), lending, and government services integration. The platform processes millions of transactions daily with AI-driven fraud detection, credit scoring, and customer service automation. Kaspi's success has created a domestic benchmark that other Kazakhstani financial institutions are now racing to match, accelerating AI investment across the banking sector and increasing displacement risk for the clerical workers those investments target.
Kazakhstan's membership in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU - alongside Russia, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, and Armenia) creates additional AI diffusion pathways. Russian technology companies, including Yandex (which operates in Kazakhstan), bring AI-integrated products into the Kazakhstani market. Yandex Taxi, Yandex Market, and Yandex Cloud all operate Kazakhstani-language services, exposing Kazakhstani service workers to platform-based AI competition. The grain sector - Kazakhstan produces approximately 50 million tonnes annually, making it one of the world's top wheat exporters - is beginning to adopt precision agriculture tools, though at a slower pace than the digital sector.
Kazakhstan's physical economy - elementary occupations, craft/trades, plant operators, and agriculture - represents approximately 48% of the workforce at 3.0/10 AI exposure or below. This large low-exposure sector is the primary reason Kazakhstan's weighted average of 3.99/10 is lower than pure professional-economy comparators.
| Occupation Group | AI Score | Workers (est.) | Share (est.) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Elementary occupations (ISCO 9) | 2.0/10 | ~1.87M | ~22% |
| Craft and related trades (ISCO 7) | 2.5/10 | ~852K | ~10% |
| Skilled agricultural workers (ISCO 6) | 3.0/10 | ~866K | ~10% |
| Plant and machine operators (ISCO 8) | 3.0/10 | ~545K | ~6% |
| Service and sales workers (ISCO 5) | 3.5/10 | ~1.30M | ~15% |
Elementary occupations at approximately 22% of the workforce are the largest single group in the economy, spanning informal trade, basic services, and unskilled agricultural and construction labour. Agriculture at approximately 10% of the workforce is a further significant low-exposure group. Kazakhstan's grain steppe - among the world's largest contiguous agricultural zones - employs over 866,000 workers in grain cultivation, livestock herding, and associated rural activities. While precision agriculture tools (GPS-guided tractors, drone monitoring) are beginning to penetrate the sector, the scale of Kazakhstan's agricultural land (approximately 222 million hectares total, 23 million cultivated) means that full automation deployment is constrained by infrastructure costs and the sparse rural population over which those costs would be spread. The Eurasian Economic Commission projects no significant near-term displacement in Kazakhstani agriculture from AI at current technology and cost levels.
Craft and trades workers at approximately 10% are employed in Kazakhstan's active construction sector - Astana's skyline itself is evidence of the scale of ongoing urban development - and in mining equipment maintenance across the country's extensive copper, chromium, uranium, and coal mining operations. These physical, site-specific roles require environmental adaptability that current robotics cannot cost-effectively replicate at Kazakhstani wage levels. Plant and machine operators at approximately 6% include pipeline workers in the oil sector and industrial production workers across Kazakhstan's manufacturing base.
Kazakhstan's 3.99/10 weighted average reflects a genuinely dual economy: a real, high-exposure professional and clerical class concentrated in Almaty and Astana, sitting alongside a much larger elementary-occupation and agricultural base (roughly 32% of the workforce combined) that anchors the aggregate score well below the professional class's own 6.5/10. The moderate 5.5/10 risk velocity means the timeline for meaningful disruption is on a similar pace to most peer economies in this dataset, not unusually fast - Kazakhstan's Digital Strategy and Kaspi Bank's fintech success are real, but they sit within a broader economy where digital infrastructure and AI tool adoption outside Almaty and Astana remains limited. Workers in Almaty's banking sector, Astana's government administration, and the back-office operations of oil companies still face real displacement risk over a medium-term horizon as AI tools for document processing, financial analysis, and data verification continue maturing - the risk is real, just not unusually accelerated relative to comparable economies.
If you are employed in clerical work at a Kazakhstani bank, insurance company, or government ministry, the risk is concentrated even if the broader national timeline is moderate. Kaspi Bank's own trajectory - reducing clerical headcount as its app-based platform automates more customer interactions - provides a domestic case study that applies to competing institutions. Workers in ICT associate professional roles face a different dynamic: near-term demand for AI implementation and maintenance may exceed displacement effects, creating a transition window before net job reduction. The window exists but is not permanent.
Recovery resilience of 6.5/10 reflects Kazakhstan's relatively diversified formal economy compared to pure resource economies, and reasonable institutional capacity, tempered by geographic concentration of skilled work in two cities. Kazakhstan's Ministry of Labour and Social Protection has published retraining programmes under the "Enbek" employment programme, which covers digital skills and vocational training with state subsidy. Workers displaced from clerical and administrative roles have the clearest pathway into healthcare support, skilled construction, and agricultural technology roles - sectors where Kazakhstan has active workforce shortages. The AIFC's growing asset management and compliance sector also requires human oversight roles that AI cannot yet fill unilaterally, creating demand for workers who understand AI-generated outputs in a regulatory context.
Interactive breakdown of every occupation group, sortable by AI exposure score and worker count.
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AI exposure, robotics, offshoring and work-from-home scores are model-estimated: an AI language model (Claude Opus 4.7) scored each ISCO-08 occupation group on 28 May 2026, guided by published research. They are informed judgements, not measurements, and not forecasts of job losses. "Risk velocity" and its time windows come from a digital-infrastructure index (broadband and secure servers), not from occupations or measured AI adoption. Read the full methodology and how the scores were checked.
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